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DonHwang or Dunhuang

Dunhuang (Traditional Chinese: 敦煌, also written as 燉煌until the early Qing Dynasty; Simplified Chinese: 敦煌) is a city in Jiuquan, Gansu Province, China. Located at 40°06′N 94°39′E, with a population of approximately 100,000, it is situated at an oasis near the historic junction of the northern and southern Silk Roads, and was therefore a town of military importance. Rocked over the centuries by waves of invasion, Dunhuang has been variously independent, ruled by China , and ruled by Tibet. Dunhuang was made a Chinese prefecture in 117 BC by Emperor Han Wudi and was a major point of interchange between China and the outside world during the Han and Tang dynasties.

Today, Dunhuang's city center is fairly developed, including much commercial activity and many hotels. Bookshops and other souvenir shops sell materials relating to the history of the region. A night market popular with tourists is held in the city center. Many souvenir items are sold, including such typical items as jade, jewelry, scrolls, hangings, small sculptures, and the like. Another popular purchase is a traditional central Asian dessert consisting of a large, sweet confection made with nuts and dried fruit and sliced into the portion desired by the customer. Many of China's ethnic minorities are represented among those who engage in business at the night market.

Other sites in the Dunhuang area include Crescent Lake and Echoing-SandMountain (Mingsha Shan). This is essentially a two-in-one attraction, as Crescent Lake is within Echoing-SandMountain. The lake is an oasis surrounded by a sandy area composed of high dunes. Mingsha Shan is named for the sound of the wind whipping off the dunes. The area is a tourist favorite. A street lined with souvenir stalls leads up to the entrance to the complex. Most tourists ride camels to reach the sand dunes. Typically, the camels are led by a local man or woman acting as guide. At the dunes, a popular activity for tourists is to ride sleds down the sand slopes. Alongside of Crescent Lake is a pagoda in traditional Han Chinese architecture.

A crater on Mars was named after Dunhuang. Also, a Chinese instrument factory in Shanghai is named after it. The factory sells guzhengs, pipas, and many other traditional Chinese instruments.

For centuries Buddhist monks at Dunhuang collected scriptures from the west, and many pilgrims passed through the area. These pilgrims painted murals inside the Mogao Caves or "Caves of a Thousand Buddhas." DunHuang is more than just an important tourist attraction. It is an important Buddhist center and the subject of an ongoing archaeological project.